Hi Tomas,
Cosmos does similar things, indeed. Firstly, let me mention that dbt-airflow was created when Cosmos did not support the full list of requirements we had and are outlined in the article. Secondly, until today, I believe dbt-airflow provides some more features that Cosmos does not support, or even if it does, the way to use them may not be very intuitive.
For instance, with dbt-airflow, you can introduce additional, dbt-independent tasks, in-between dbt tasks. Additionally, we find the way we use KubernetesPodOperator more intuitive (have seen many people complaining while trying to run kubernetes mode on Google Cloud Composer and Cosmos). dbt-airflow also offers filtering based on tags, etc.
Hope this answers your question!